Fundamental Physics - Revision history

LukeW at 04:15, 20 August 2025

2025-08-20T04:15:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:15, 20 August 2025
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	So how does this relate to time? What it says is that in the basic statement of the model there is not just one path of time; there are many paths, and many “histories”. But the model—and the rule that is used—determines all of them. And we have seen a hint of something else: that even if we might think we are following an “independent” path of history, it may actually merge with another path<ref name=":0" />.		So how does this relate to time? What it says is that in the basic statement of the model there is not just one path of time; there are many paths, and many “histories”. But the model—and the rule that is used—determines all of them. And we have seen a hint of something else: that even if we might think we are following an “independent” path of history, it may actually merge with another path<ref name=":0" />.

LukeW at 04:15, 20 August 2025

2025-08-20T04:15:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:15, 20 August 2025
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	== ~~Space &~~ Time ==		== Time ==

	=== Time as a Computational Process ===		=== Time as a Computational Process ===
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	It’s fundamentally because of the way we are as [[Observer Theory\|observers]]. If the underlying system is computationally irreducible, then to work out its future behavior requires an irreducible amount of computational work. But it’s a core feature of observers like us that we are computationally bounded. So we can’t do all that irreducible computational work to “know the whole future”—and instead we’re effectively stuck just doing computation alongside the system itself, never able to substantially “jump ahead”, and only able to see the future “progressively unfold”<ref name=":1" />.		It’s fundamentally because of the way we are as [[Observer Theory\|observers]]. If the underlying system is computationally irreducible, then to work out its future behavior requires an irreducible amount of computational work. But it’s a core feature of observers like us that we are computationally bounded. So we can’t do all that irreducible computational work to “know the whole future”—and instead we’re effectively stuck just doing computation alongside the system itself, never able to substantially “jump ahead”, and only able to see the future “progressively unfold”<ref name=":1" />.

	=== Space ===		== Space ==
	In the [[Wolfram Model Training Course\|Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>		In the [[Wolfram Model Training Course\|Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points. In the below figures we have a rule that’s just specifying how to rewrite pieces of an abstract hypergraph, with no notion of geometry, or anything about 3D space. And yet it produces a hypergraph that’s naturally laid out as something that looks like a 3D surface.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">

LukeW at 04:10, 20 August 2025

2025-08-20T04:10:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 20 August 2025
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	=== Time as a Computational Process ===		=== Time as a Computational Process ===
	In traditional ~~physics~~, time is ~~thought~~ of ~~as a~~ coordinate ~~similar to how we refer to~~ a ~~location~~ in ~~physical space~~. In the Wolfram Physics Project, time is thought of ~~as the progressive application of computational rules~~, with ~~each state~~ of the ~~system~~ computed from the last. The implication of this new perspective is that time can no longer be set arbitrarily, as it is done often in traditional mathematical physics .<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=October 8, 2024 \|title=On the ~~Nature~~ of Time \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/10/on-the-nature-of-time/}}</ref> The reason for this is due to the phenomenon of [[Computational Irreducibility]], which means that all prior states of the system must be computed if we want to learn about a system at a given time<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|title=A New Kind of Science \|publisher=Wolfram Media \|year=2002 \|isbn=1-57955-008-8 \|pages=237}}</ref>.		In traditional scientific accounts, time is often represented as some kind of coordinate much like space. While this may be a useful mathematical description, it does not say anything about what time in a sense “intrinsically is”. In the [[Wolfram Physics Project]], time is thought of computationally, with successive states of the world being computed one from the last by the progressive application of some computational rule.

	==== ~~The Observer~~ ====		However, the phenomenon of [[Computational Irreducibility]]<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|title=A New Kind of Science \|publisher=Wolfram Media \|year=2002 \|isbn=1-57955-008-8 \|pages=237}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=8 October 2024 \|title=On the Nature of Time \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/10/on-the-nature-of-time/ \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref> does not allow the “time coordinate” to be simply replaced with a “computational step count”. With the traditional mathematical idea of a time coordinate one typically imagines that this coordinate can be “set to any value”, and that then one can immediately calculate the state of the system at that time. But [[Computational Irreducibility\|computational irreducibility]] implies that it’s not that easy. Because it says that there’s often essentially no better way to find what a system will do than by explicitly tracing through each step in its evolution<ref name=":1" />.
	~~By thinking~~ of time as the ~~progressive application~~ of ~~rules~~, ~~this implies~~ that ~~it is theoretically possible for~~ one ~~to know all~~ the ~~possible states~~ of a system. ~~Stephen Wolfram's work in~~ [[~~Observer Theory~~]] ~~shows~~ that the ~~reason~~ we do ~~not~~ experience ~~such a phenomenon is~~ because we are [[~~Computationally Bounded~~ Observer]]~~<nowiki/>s~~. ~~For~~ us to be able to ~~know~~ the future ~~would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work~~.
			==== The Role of the Observer ====
			That time is a reflection of the progress of computation in the universe is an important starting point. But it’s not the end of the story. For example, here’s an immediate issue. If we have a computational rule that determines each successive state of a system it’s at least in principle possible to know the whole future of the system. So given this why then do we have the experience of the future only “unfolding as it happens”?<ref name=":1" />

			It’s fundamentally because of the way we are as [[Observer Theory\|observers]]. If the underlying system is computationally irreducible, then to work out its future behavior requires an irreducible amount of computational work. But it’s a core feature of observers like us that we are computationally bounded. So we can’t do all that irreducible computational work to “know the whole future”—and instead we’re effectively stuck just doing computation alongside the system itself, never able to substantially “jump ahead”, and only able to see the future “progressively unfold”<ref name=":1" />.

	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>		In the [[Wolfram Model Training Course\|Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">
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	[[File:Rewriting Events.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|The individual rewriting events in the application of <nowiki>{{x, y}, {x, z}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}</nowiki>. Newly added connections are highlighted, and ones that are about to be removed are dashed).]]		[[File:Rewriting Events.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|The individual rewriting events in the application of <nowiki>{{x, y}, {x, z}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}</nowiki>. Newly added connections are highlighted, and ones that are about to be removed are dashed).]]

	=== Multiway Systems ===		==== Multiway Systems ====
	<nowiki>A rule may have multiple possible ways of applying it. For example, the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}} defines how to take take two connections in the hypergraph and transform them into four new connections. The rule just says to find two adjacent connections, and if there are several possible choices, it says nothing about which one. A crucial idea in the Wolfram Physics Project is in a sense just to do all of them.</nowiki><ref name=":0" />[[File:Multiway System.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|<nowiki>The multiway graph showing all possible paths resulting from the application of the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}}. </nowiki>]]		<nowiki>A rule may have multiple possible ways of applying it. For example, the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}} defines how to take take two connections in the hypergraph and transform them into four new connections. The rule just says to find two adjacent connections, and if there are several possible choices, it says nothing about which one. A crucial idea in the Wolfram Physics Project is in a sense just to do all of them.</nowiki><ref name=":0" />[[File:Multiway System.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|<nowiki>The multiway graph showing all possible paths resulting from the application of the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}}. </nowiki>]]

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	So how does this relate to time? What it says is that in the basic statement of the model there is not just one path of time; there are many paths, and many “histories”. But the model—and the rule that is used—determines all of them. And we have seen a hint of something else: that even if we might think we are following an “independent” path of history, it may actually merge with another path<ref name=":0" />.		So how does this relate to time? What it says is that in the basic statement of the model there is not just one path of time; there are many paths, and many “histories”. But the model—and the rule that is used—determines all of them. And we have seen a hint of something else: that even if we might think we are following an “independent” path of history, it may actually merge with another path<ref name=":0" />.



	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 03:47, 20 August 2025

2025-08-20T03:47:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:47, 20 August 2025
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	File:Final state.png \| The final state of the hypergraph after applying the rule many times		File:Final state.png \| The final state of the hypergraph after applying the rule many times
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	[[File:Rewriting Events.png\|thumb\|~~501x501px~~\|The individual rewriting events in the application of <nowiki>{{x, y}, {x, z}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}</nowiki>. Newly added connections are highlighted, and ones that are about to be removed are dashed).]]		[[File:Rewriting Events.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|The individual rewriting events in the application of <nowiki>{{x, y}, {x, z}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}</nowiki>. Newly added connections are highlighted, and ones that are about to be removed are dashed).]]

	=== Multiway Systems ===		=== Multiway Systems ===
	<nowiki>A rule may have multiple possible ways of applying it. For example, the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}} defines how to take take two connections in the hypergraph and transform them into four new connections. The rule just says to find two adjacent connections, and if there are several possible choices, it says nothing about which one. A crucial idea in the Wolfram Physics Project is in a sense just to do all of them.</nowiki><ref name=":0" />		<nowiki>A rule may have multiple possible ways of applying it. For example, the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}} defines how to take take two connections in the hypergraph and transform them into four new connections. The rule just says to find two adjacent connections, and if there are several possible choices, it says nothing about which one. A crucial idea in the Wolfram Physics Project is in a sense just to do all of them.</nowiki><ref name=":0" />[[File:Multiway System.png\|thumb\|437x437px\|<nowiki>The multiway graph showing all possible paths resulting from the application of the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}}. </nowiki>]]


	~~All possible paths a system can take is represented by the [[Multiway Graph]]<ref name=":0" />~~

	[[File:Multiway System.png~~\|border~~\|thumb\|~~500x500px~~\|<nowiki>The multiway graph showing all possible paths resulting from the application of the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}}. </nowiki>]]











			All possible paths a system can take is represented by the [[Multiway Graph]].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=2020 \|title=A Class of Models with the Potential to Represent Fundamental Physics \|url=https://www.complex-systems.com/abstracts/v29_i02_a01/ \|journal=Complex Systems \|chapter= \|volume=29 \|issue=2 \|pages= \|at=Multiway Systems for Our Models}}</ref> For the very first update, there are two possibilities. Then for each of the results of these, there are four additional possibilities. But at the next update, something important happens: two of the branches merge. In other words, even though we have done a different sequence of updates, the outcome is the same.<ref name=":0" />

			So how does this relate to time? What it says is that in the basic statement of the model there is not just one path of time; there are many paths, and many “histories”. But the model—and the rule that is used—determines all of them. And we have seen a hint of something else: that even if we might think we are following an “independent” path of history, it may actually merge with another path<ref name=":0" />.

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 03:31, 20 August 2025

2025-08-20T03:31:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 20 August 2025
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	=== Time as a Computational Process ===		=== Time as a Computational Process ===
	In traditional physics, time is thought of as a coordinate similar to how we refer to a location in physical space. In the Wolfram Physics Project, time is thought of as the progressive application of computational rules, with each state of the system computed from the last. The implication of this new perspective is that time can no longer be set arbitrarily, as it is done often in traditional mathematical physics <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=October 8, 2024 \|title=On the Nature of Time \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/10/on-the-nature-of-time/}}</ref>. The reason for this is due to the phenomenon of [[Computational Irreducibility]], which means that all prior states of the system must be computed if we want to learn about a system at a given time<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|title=A New Kind of Science \|publisher=Wolfram Media \|year=2002 \|isbn=1-57955-008-8 \|pages=237}}</ref>.		In traditional physics, time is thought of as a coordinate similar to how we refer to a location in physical space. In the Wolfram Physics Project, time is thought of as the progressive application of computational rules, with each state of the system computed from the last. The implication of this new perspective is that time can no longer be set arbitrarily, as it is done often in traditional mathematical physics .<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=October 8, 2024 \|title=On the Nature of Time \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/10/on-the-nature-of-time/}}</ref> The reason for this is due to the phenomenon of [[Computational Irreducibility]], which means that all prior states of the system must be computed if we want to learn about a system at a given time<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|title=A New Kind of Science \|publisher=Wolfram Media \|year=2002 \|isbn=1-57955-008-8 \|pages=237}}</ref>.

	==== The Observer ====		==== The Observer ====
	By thinking of time as ~~sequential computations~~ of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.		By thinking of time as the progressive application of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.

	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.		In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">
	File:Rewriting Rule.png \| A diagram of the ~~hypergraph rewriting~~ rule {{x, y, z}, {u, y, v}} → {{w, z, x}, {z, w, u}, {x, y, w}}		File:Rewriting Rule.png \| A diagram showing the rule <nowiki>{{x, y, z}, {u, y, v}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{w, z, x}, {z, w, u}, {x, y, w}}</nowiki>
	File:Hypergraph States.png \| The state of the hypergraph after each application of the rule		File:Hypergraph States.png \| The state of the hypergraph after each application of the rule
	File:Final state.png \| The final state of the hypergraph after applying the rule many times		File:Final state.png \| The final state of the hypergraph after applying the rule many times
	</gallery>		</gallery>
			[[File:Rewriting Events.png\|thumb\|501x501px\|The individual rewriting events in the application of <nowiki>{{x, y}, {x, z}}</nowiki> → <nowiki>{{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}</nowiki>. Newly added connections are highlighted, and ones that are about to be removed are dashed).]]

			=== Multiway Systems ===
			<nowiki>A rule may have multiple possible ways of applying it. For example, the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}} defines how to take take two connections in the hypergraph and transform them into four new connections. The rule just says to find two adjacent connections, and if there are several possible choices, it says nothing about which one. A crucial idea in the Wolfram Physics Project is in a sense just to do all of them.</nowiki><ref name=":0" />


			All possible paths a system can take is represented by the [[Multiway Graph]]<ref name=":0" />

			[[File:Multiway System.png\|border\|thumb\|500x500px\|<nowiki>The multiway graph showing all possible paths resulting from the application of the rule {{</nowiki>''x'', ''y''}, {''x'', ''z''<nowiki>}} → {{</nowiki>''x'', ''z''}, {''x'', ''w''}, {''y'', ''w''}, {''z'', ''w''<nowiki>}}. </nowiki>]]













	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 17:24, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T17:24:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 19 August 2025
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	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of ~~relationships mapped~~ between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.		In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of discrete, abstract relations between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">

LukeW at 06:34, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T06:34:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:34, 19 August 2025
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	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>. <gallery mode="~~slideshow~~">		In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.
	File:Rewriting Rule.png
	File:~~Final state~~.png		<gallery mode="packed">
	File:~~Hypergraph States~~.png		File:Rewriting Rule.png \| A diagram of the hypergraph rewriting rule {{x, y, z}, {u, y, v}} → {{w, z, x}, {z, w, u}, {x, y, w}}
			File:Hypergraph States.png \| The state of the hypergraph after each application of the rule
			File:Final state.png \| The final state of the hypergraph after applying the rule many times
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 06:28, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T06:28:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:28, 19 August 2025
Line 8:		Line 8:

	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.		In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>. <gallery mode="slideshow">
			File:Rewriting Rule.png
			File:Final state.png
			File:Hypergraph States.png
			</gallery>

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 05:51, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T05:51:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:51, 19 August 2025
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	==== The Observer ====		==== The Observer ====
	By thinking of time as sequential computations of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.		By thinking of time as sequential computations of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.

	=== Space ===		=== Space ===
	In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points {{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=April ~~14th,~~ 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}.		In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points <ref>{{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=14 April 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}</ref>.

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

LukeW at 00:58, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T00:58:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:58, 19 August 2025
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	By thinking of time as sequential computations of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.		By thinking of time as sequential computations of rules, this implies that it is theoretically possible for one to know all the possible states of a system. Stephen Wolfram's work in [[Observer Theory]] shows that the reason we do not experience such a phenomenon is because we are [[Computationally Bounded Observer]]<nowiki/>s. For us to be able to know the future would be to compute a [[Computational Irreducibility\|computationally irreducible]] amount of work.

			=== Space ===
			In the [[Wolfram Model]] of physics, space consists of relationships mapped between abstract points {{Cite web \|last=Wolfram \|first=Stephen \|date=April 14th, 2020 \|title=Finally We May Have a Path to the Fundamental Theory of Physics… and It’s Beautiful \|url=https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/#what-is-space \|website=Stephen Wolfram Writings}}.

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />